IX_Economics_Ch-3_Poverty_Practice Set - 2

Class IX
Economics
Chapter - 3
Poverty as a Challenge

Questions Part -2

Ques.1. Define poverty?

Ans : Poverty is defined as inability to satisfy minimum human needs like food, clothing, shelter, pure drinking water, education, health, sanitation and electricity.

Ques.2. Who is a poor?

Ans : Any person who is deprived of minimum necessities of life such as food, clothes, shelter, pure drinking water, sanitation, education, health care, electricity and above all, employment is a poor.

Ques.3. State the different categories of poor?

Ans : (i) Absolutely poor

(ii) Very poor

(iii) Poor

Ques.4. State the different categories of non-poor?

Ans : (i) Not so poor

(ii) Middle class

(iii) Upper middle class

(iv) The rich

(v) The very rich

Ques.5. State two important types of poverty?

Ans : (i) Absolute poverty

(ii) Relative poverty

(Define each with example as was written in Class Notes.)

Ques.6. Enumerate five characteristics of rural poor?

Ans : (i) Landless

(ii) Agricultural worker

(iii) Kutcha House made of mud and straw

(iv) Poor health

(v) No sanitation and electricity

(vi) No access to safe drinking water

Ques.7. State five features of urban poor?

Ans : (i) Hutment dwellers

(ii) Illiteracy

(iii) Irregular employment or even unemployment

(iv) Poor health 

(v) No sanitation and electricity

(vi) No access to safe drinking water

Ques.8. State the consumption limit for rural and urban poor?

Ans : For rural poor – 2400 calories.

For urban poor – 2100 calories.

Ques.9. State the type of poverty that is measured on the basis of standard of living?

Ans : Relative poverty is measured on the basis of standard of living.

Ques.10. What is poverty line?

Ans : Poverty Line :- The line which divides poor and non-poor on the basis of per capita income and expenditure is called poverty line. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfill basic needs as specified by the poverty line.

Ques.11. Is unemployment responsible for poverty?

Ans : Yes, unemployment is the main cause of poverty. That is why government aims at employment generation in the economy, especially among poors in order to eradicate poverty.

Ques.12. Why does inflation hit poor hard?

Ans : Due to inflation, price of a commodity increases and this lowers the purchasing power of the poor people. Now poors can afford even less quantity of that commodity of basic necessity at a higher price with the same low level of income.

Ques.13. Which social group is the most vulnerable to poverty?

Ans : Scheduled Tribes (STs).

Ques.14. In which state, the percentage of poor below poverty line is the highest?

Ans : Orissa with 47.2% people living below poverty line (BPL).

Ques.15. In which state the percentage of poor below poverty line is the least?

Ans : Jammu and Kashmir with 3.5% people living below poverty line.

Ques.16. State the country that has the highest percentage of population below poverty line that is Dollar 1 per day?

Ans : Nigeria with 70.8%.

Ques.17. State five states having the highest percentage of people below poverty line according to economic survey 2001-02.

Ans : (i) Orissa

(ii) Bihar

(iii) Madhya Pradesh

(iv) Assam

(v) Tripura

Ques.18. State five states having the lowest percentage of people below poverty line according to economic survey 2001-02.

Ans : (i) Jammu and Kashmir

(ii) Punjab

(iii) Himachal Pradesh

(iv) Delhi

(v) Haryana

Ques.19. State five countries having the highest percentage of people below poverty line according to World Development Report, 2001?

Ans : (i) Nigeria

(ii) Bangladesh

(iii) India

(iv) Pakistan

(v) China

Ques.20. Who are the poorest of the poor that is vulnerable groups?

Ans : (i) Scheduled Tribes (STs)

(ii) Urban casual labourers

(iii) Agricultural rural labourer

(iv) Scheduled Castes (SCs)

(v) victims of natural calamities

Ques.21. Give examples of self employment in rural area?

Ans : Non-farm activities such as tailoring, shop keeping, profession of gold smith, carpenter and computer services are examples of self employment in rural areas.

Ques.22. Give examples of self employment in urban area?

Ans : Shop keeping, working as middle man, fashion designing, repairing work, and other activities for which payment is not received from employer to earn a livelihood is earned.

Ques.23. Is there any relationship between poverty and unemployment?
Ans : Yes, poverty and unemployment are inter-related. One who is unemployed is at more risk to become a poor soon. Unemployment is the basic reason behind poverty which is why every plan and programme of government aiming at employment generation ultimately works effectively to combat poverty.

Ques.24. How will you differentiate between poor and non-poor on the basis of poverty line?
Ans : Those placed below poverty line are poor and those placed above the poverty line are non-poor.

Ques.25. Name the groups vulnerable to poverty in order of their percentage of vulnerability. Also mention Average Indian Poverty ratio?
Or,
Identify the social and economic groups, which are the most vulnerable to poverty in India?
Ans : 

(i)            Scheduled Tribes = 51%

(ii)          Urban Casual Labourers = 50%

(iii)         Rural Agricultural Labourers = 47%

(iv)         Scheduled Castes = 43%.

Average Indian Poverty Ratio = 26%.

Social groups which include widows, orphans, old people, physically handicapped are also vulnerable to poverty.

Ques.26. State the Minimum Need Programme [MND]?

Answer : The programme to provide the articles of basic necessities at cheapest possible rates and certain social services free of cost to the masses.

Ques.27. Mention the programme introduced by the Government to alleviate poverty?
Ans : (i) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), 2005.

(ii) National Food for Work Programme (NFWP), 2004.

(iii) Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana (PMRY),1993.

(iv) Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP),1995.

(v) Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojagar Yojana (SGSY), 1999.

(vi) Pradhan Mantri Gramodyog Yojana (PMGY), 2000.

(vii) Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY).

Ques.28. Show global poverty scenario through a Table?

Or

Describe global poverty trends?

Ans : According to World Bank, Global Poverty has declined to 21% in 2001 from 28% in 1990. In China and south-east Asian countries, poverty has declined substantially due to massive investment in human resources.

In India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, the decline of poverty is slow.

Ques.29. Which country has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world?

Ans. India. Nearly 50% of the world's poor live in India.