Re_X_Eco_Ch-1_Development_Extra Questions.

Class – X

Economics

Chapter – 1

Development

Extra Questions

Q.1. The total income of a country divided by its total population is called :

a)    National Income

b)    Per Capita Income

c)    Total Income

d)    None of these

Ans. (b) Per Capita Income.

Q.2. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?

a)    WHO

b)    UNDP

c)    WTO

d)    IMF

Ans. (b) UNDP.

Q.3. Development of a country generally is determined by :

a)    its per capita income

b)    its literacy level

c)    Health status of its people

d)    All of the above

Ans. (d) All of the above.

Q.4. As per Human Development Report 2006, which neighbouring  country has the highest income from following :

a)    Sri Lanka

b)    India

c)    Pakistan

d)    Nepal

Ans. (a) Sri Lanka.

Q.5. Why do different people have different goals for development?

Ans. Different people have different goals for development because :

Different people have different aspirations & desires. Some may like to have more income & better quality of education for their children, while others may require no social discrimination & high support price for their crops.

So according to the living conditions and the environment in which person stays, he or she pursue for goals. People seek things that are most important for them i.e. that which can fulfill their aspiration or desire.

Q.6. Why average income is taken into consideration instead of total income while making comparison between countries?

Ans. The total income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. For comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since countries have different population, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income divided by its total population.

Q.7. Write a paragraph on your nation that what should India do you become a developed country?

Ans. From my point of view, we should focus over following issues for making India a developed country:

a)    Control the increasing population.

b)    Make farmers familiar with the use of latest technology, chemical fertilizer and advanced seeds along with ensuring the accessibilities to all these inputs coupled with proper irrigation facilities.

c)    New economic policy, Liberalization and globalization should be adopted effectively.
Adequate facilities related with infrastructure, education, health, electricity, water, transportation, sanitation etc. should be provided to all people of all regions & areas.

(Note : Any other relevant point you can mention.)

Q.8. What is the main criteria used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Ans. Per Capita income is the main criteria used by World Bank to classify different countries.

Though it indicates the average income of the people in a country, it has following limitations :-

1. It does not show exactly how the income is distributed among the people.

2. Cost of pollution caused by different developmental activities is not considered in average income.

3. Some other important aspects like Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, Net Attendance Ratio etc. are not considered while calculating per capita income.

Q.9. What is meant by Sustainable Economic Development? What are its main features?

Ans. Sustainable Development may be defined as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Environment & economy are inter-dependent & complementary to each other. Hence the process of development should not ignore environmental issues.

The main features of sustainable development are as follows :

a)    It stresses meeting the needs of the present generation & future generations.

b)    There are restrains on wasteful luxurious consumption pattern.

c)    Effects are made to invent environment friendly technology.

d)    Fast growing population should be effectively checked.

(Note : Any other relevant point can be mentioned.)

Q.10. What is HDI? Who prepares it? Write about the basic components of Human Development measurement?

Ans. HDI is Human Development Index. It is the cumulative measurement of the overall development of the people of a country.

It was prepared by United Nations Development Organization and it is published by United Nations Development Program.

The basic components of HDI are as follows:-

a)    Life Expectancy at Birth :  It denotes average expenditure length of life of a person at the time of birth. It is measured in terms of life expectancy in years.

b)    Literacy Rate: The total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged seven years or above who can read and write with understanding. It is measured by gross enrolment ratio for three levels means enrolment ratio for Primary School, Secondary School & Higher education beyond secondary school.

c)    Per Capita Income :  It is the average income i.e. total income divided by total population of a country. It is calculated in terms of dollars for all countries in order to make comparisons. It indicated the standards of living of people in a country. It is also done in a way so that every dollar would buy same amount of goods & services in a country.